The mug gets hot (conduction) and steam rises (convection).
Both can occur through stationary media (conduction/diffusion) or moving fluids (convection). Key Concepts to Remember: Transferencia de calor y masa
A helpful way to grasp (Heat and Mass Transfer) is to look at the analogy between the two processes. They follow almost identical logic: Driving Force: Heat moves due to a temperature gradient ( ΔTcap delta cap T ), while mass moves due to a concentration gradient ( ΔCcap delta cap C The Math: Just as Fourier’s Law governs heat conduction ( ), Fick’s Law governs mass diffusion ( The mug gets hot (conduction) and steam rises (convection)
numbers, or see how this applies to a specific industrial process ? They follow almost identical logic: Driving Force: Heat
This is the "fast track." When a fluid moves, it carries both thermal energy and chemical species much faster than simple diffusion or conduction alone.
In heat, atoms vibrate to pass energy. In mass, molecules physically migrate from high to low concentration areas.