Ground which can be freely traversed by both sides.
A general must understand the physical environment to leverage it effectively.
Wisdom, sincerity, benevolence, courage, and strictness.
Success is determined in the temple before the battle is even fought based on : The Moral Law: Harmony between the people and their leader. Heaven: Climate, weather, and seasonal factors. Earth: Distances, terrain types, and safety vs. danger.
when your forces are inadequate; attack when you have a surplus. 5. Use of Energy ( The Direct and Indirect )