The theory faced heavy critique from Hindu and Jaina philosophers: Momentariness, Buddhist doctrine of
The smallest partless unit of time in which a phenomenon arises and perishes. The Buddhist doctrine of momentariness: A surve...
: Later incorporated momentariness through commentaries like Buddhaghosa’s Visuddhimagga , particularly to explain how karma continues across the threshold of death. Philosophical and Ethical Implications The theory faced heavy critique from Hindu and
The doctrine was not present in the earliest discourses of the Buddha, which were more pragmatic about change. It emerged as a systematic theory during the and was later refined by prominent scholars such as Vasubandhu , Dignāga , and Dharmakīrti . and Dharmakīrti .