Signaling Instant

A signaling molecule (ligand) binds to a specific receptor on the cell surface or inside the cell.

Signaling between cells in physical contact. signaling

Long-distance signaling via the bloodstream (e.g., hormones). A signaling molecule (ligand) binds to a specific

Nearby cells are targeted (e.g., neurotransmitters). hormones). Nearby cells are targeted (e.g.

The receptor triggers a relay of intracellular molecules, often called a signaling cascade (e.g., using G-proteins or kinases).

Common transducers include G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) , which use secondary messengers like cyclic AMP (cAMP) to amplify signals. 2. Signaling Theory (Economics & Management) Signaling Theory: A Review and Assessment - Sage Journals