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: It acts as a potent free radical scavenger, directly detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS).

: It is widely used to treat insomnia and mitigate the effects of artificial light at night (ALAN), which disrupts circadian rhythms. melatonin-goldberg-rar

This report outlines the therapeutic potential and health implications of melatonin, a biogenic hormone primarily produced by the pineal gland to regulate sleep-wake cycles. : It acts as a potent free radical

: Melatonin modulates both innate and adaptive immunity, specifically reducing excessive innate immune responses through negative regulatory functions. melatonin-goldberg-rar

Melatonin functions through several critical biological pathways: