: Evaluated by its hue (the basic color), tone (lightness/darkness), and saturation (intensity).
While the 4 Cs are famously used for diamonds, they apply differently to colored stones where is the most critical factor.
: A broad category for all other stones, including Amethyst , Topaz , and Opal . Organic Gems : Non-minerals like Amber , Pearl , and Jet . The "4 Cs" of Gemstone Value
: The presence of internal "inclusions" or surface blemishes. In colored gems, some inclusions are expected and can even help identify the stone.
: Most gems can be cleaned with mild soap and water. However, porous stones like Opal and Pearl require specialized care to avoid damage. Gemstone Buying Guide - Gemfields
: Many gems are heat-treated to enhance color (e.g., Aquamarine and Ruby). These treatments are generally permanent but can make stones more brittle.
: Designed to maximize the stone’s brilliance and showcase its unique color. Carat : The measurement of the stone's weight. Popular Gemstones & Meanings