Many rocks are porous. When water or gas fills these pores, it exerts internal pressure that can significantly reduce the rock's overall strength, leading to unexpected failures or landslides.
Fundamentals distinguish between a small, solid piece of rock (intact) and the "rock mass," which includes fractures, joints, and faults. Most engineering failures occur along these pre-existing discontinuities rather than through the rock itself. Fundamentals and Applications of Rock Mechanics
Drilling deep into hot rock requires precise knowledge of how thermal expansion affects rock stability. Environmental Protection: Many rocks are porous
For massive structures like dams or bridges, rock mechanics ensures the underlying bedrock can support the load without shifting. Mining Engineering: " which includes fractures
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