: Self-cultivation is a proactive, creative act. It is the process of "learning to be human" ( xue ) by refining one's internal virtues to harmonize with external social roles.
: Selfhood begins with the physical person. The body is not a prison for the soul but a sacred vessel that must be disciplined and respected through ritual ( li ). Confucian Thought: Selfhood as Creative Transfo...
: Tu Weiming emphasizes that the self eventually reaches a state where it is "at one" with the universe. This "anthropocosmic" view suggests that by fulfilling our human nature, we also participate in the creative work of Heaven and Earth. The Dimensions of Cultivation : Self-cultivation is a proactive, creative act
: Unlike the Western "isolated individual," the Confucian self is defined by its relationships. It is an open system that expands through a "fiduciary community," starting from the core of the person and radiating outward. The body is not a prison for the