Chronic captivity stress in wild animals is highly species-specific

For humans, captivity is a profound disruption of autonomy and lifestyle.

: Sudden capture leads to "lifestyle shock," where social and physical supports vanish instantly, often causing immediate trauma and anxiety.

Captivity [2025]

Chronic captivity stress in wild animals is highly species-specific

For humans, captivity is a profound disruption of autonomy and lifestyle.

: Sudden capture leads to "lifestyle shock," where social and physical supports vanish instantly, often causing immediate trauma and anxiety.