For V2I to work, cities must invest in "smart" traffic lights and sensors, which requires significant public funding.

As vehicles become nodes in a network, they become targets for hacking. Research is heavily focused on creating secure communication architectures to prevent "malicious" commands.

There are ongoing debates regarding how automated cars should prioritize safety in unavoidable "crash" scenarios, as well as general user anxiety regarding technology errors. Other "Car X" References

The World Health Organization notes that over 1.3 million people die annually in road crashes; V2X aims to drastically reduce these numbers by eliminating human error.